Prosthetic implant and method

ABSTRACT

An implant having a first member having a first elongated channel and a second member having a second elongated concave channel that becomes generally opposed when the first and second members are mounted to a first and second vertebra. A ball bearing is received in each of the channels to both separate and maintain a predetermined distance between the first and second member and also to facilitate movement in a plane that intersects an axis of the spinal column. The ball bearing is seated in and cooperates with the channels to permit pivotal movement about a plurality of axes. A method for replacing a disc is also shown using the implant.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a prosthesis or implant for use as an intervertebral disc prosthesis having a first member having a first area, groove or channel, a second member having a second area, groove or channel, and a ball bearing for situating in said first and second area, groove or channels.

In cases where intervertebral disc tissue is removed or is otherwise absent from a spinal segment, corrective measures are indicated to insure proper spacing of the vertebrae formally separated by the removed disc tissue. Commonly, the two vertebrae may be fused together using transplanted bone tissue, and artificial fusion element, or other compositions or devices. Unfortunately, spinal fusion has several drawbacks, including preventing the fused vertebrae from moving rotationally or translationally with respect to each other, as natural disc tissue permits. The lack of mobility may increase the stresses on adjacent spinal motion segments.

Several types of inter-vertebral disc arthroplasty devices have been proposed for overcoming some of the problems of the past, and these devices include the devices shown in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,528,990; 4,760,851; 5,203,346; 5,314,477; 5,556,431; 5,582,186; 5,648,296; 5,683,465; 5,755,796; 5,782,832; 5,850,836; 5,895,428; 5,954,674; 6,001,130; 6,019,792; 6,063,121; 6,113,637; 6,179,874; 6,228,118; 6,473,717; 6,540,785; 6,562,045;. 6,666,579; 6,682,562; 6,733,532; 6,764,515; 6,770,095; and U.S. Publication Nos. 2004/0024462; 2004/0073310; 2004/0111157; 2004/0176844; 2003/0233146; and 2004/0133278.

What is needed therefore is an improved prosthetic implant that overcomes some of the deficiencies of prior designs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is, therefore, an object of the invention to provide a disc replacement implant or prosthesis that supports, preserves and maintains proper disc height, while permitting a close approximation of the physiological function of a disc.

It is another object of the invention to provide an implant that provides proper anatomical motion.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an articulating joint implant that includes first and second members having channels that receive at least one ball bearing.

In one aspect, this invention comprises a prosthesis for situating in a disc area between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, the disc area defining a first plane that is generally perpendicular to a spinal column, the prosthesis comprising: a first member having a first channel area defined by a first channel wall; a second member having a second channel area defined by a second channel wall; and a ball bearing situated in the first and second channel areas.

In another aspect, this invention comprises a prosthetic implant for use between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, the prosthetic implant comprising: a first member comprising a first elongated channel defined by a first channel wall; a second member comprising a second elongated channel defined by a second channel wall; and a ball bearing situated in the first and second elongated channels when the first and second members are mounted to the first and second vertebrae, respectively; the ball bearing permitting relative movement of the first and second members in a first plane and pivotal movement between the first member and the second member about at least one axis.

In still another aspect, this invention comprises an implant comprising: a first member for mounting onto a first vertebra, the first member comprising a first channel; a second member for mounting onto a second vertebra, the second member comprising a second channel; and a ball situated in the first and second channels when the first and second members are mounted to the first and second vertebrae, respectively; the first and second channels each comprising a channel width and channel length; the ball having a circumference that is smaller than both the channel width and the channel length, the channel width being less than the channel length.

In yet another aspect, this invention comprises a method for replacing a disc, comprising the steps of: mounting a first member having a first channel to a first vertebra; mounting a second member having a second channel to a second vertebra such that at least a first portion of the first channel and a second portion of the second channel are situated in opposed relationship; situating a ball in the first and second portions, the ball being dimensioned to maintain a predetermined distance between the first and second members.

In another aspect, this invention comprises an implant for mounting between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, the implant comprising: a first member having a first channel, the first channel comprising a first channel center; a second member having a second channel, the second channel comprising a second channel center; a ball situated in the first and second channels; the first and second channels being dimensioned to permit relative movement of the first and second members in a first plane that is generally perpendicular to a spinal column and pivotal movement between the first member and the second member.

In still another aspect, this invention comprises an implant comprising: a first vertebra mount for mounting on a first member; a second vertebra mount for mounting on a second member in opposed relationship to the first vertebra mount; at least one of the first or second vertebra comprising at least one channel; and a ball for situating in the at least one channel to provide relative movement in a plane and pivotal movement about at least one axis.

These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description, the accompanying drawings and the appended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a general perspective and exploded view of an implant or system in accordance with one embodiment of the invention, showing an implant having a first member, a second member and a ball bearing to be received in channels of said first and second members;

FIG. 2 is a side view illustrating the system of FIG. 1 mounted in an inter-vertebral space between a first vertebra and a second vertebra;

FIG. 3 is a view taken in the direction of arrow L in FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a view illustrating the use of a plurality of implants in a spinal column;

FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken in the direction of 5-5 in FIG. 3, illustrating the first member and an elongated channel in the first member in an interior-posterior direction and a second member having a second channel with both channels being slightly larger than a diameter of the ball bearing;

FIGS. 6 and 7 are sectional views showing relative pivotal and lateral movement of the first and second members and movement of the ball in the first channel;

FIG. 8 is a diagrammatic bottom view of the top or first member illustrating the ball positioned in the channel;

FIG. 9 is a diagrammatic top view of the second or bottom member shown in FIG. 1 illustrating the ball situated in the second channel;

FIG. 10 is a sectional view taken along the line 10-10 in FIG. 2;

FIGS. 11-12 are sectional views showing the operation of the first and second members and the ball in the second channel, illustrating the relative movement of the first member and the second member;

FIG. 13 is a sectional view illustrating the overlapping first and second channels and general perpendicular relationship thereof;

FIG. 14 is a view similar to FIG. 2, without showing the vertebrae, and illustrating a zone of pivotal movement defined by a generally crescent-shaped region having a crescent-shaped portion which illustrates pivotal movement about a plurality of axes;

FIG. 15 is a view similar to FIG. 14 showing a region or area of movement for ease of illustrating pivotal movement of the lower or second member about a plurality of axes; and

FIG. 16 is an enlarged view of the first member and ball shown in FIG. 14 further illustrating a plurality of radii of curvature and the pivotal movement about a plurality of axes and illustrating one possible area

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, for purposes of explanation and not with limitation, examples and embodiments showing specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one having ordinary skill in the art having had the benefit of the present disclosure, that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from specific details disclosed herein. Moreover, description of well-known apparati and methods may be omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention. Such methods and apparati are clearly within the contemplation of the inventor in carrying out the example embodiments. Wherever possible, like numerals refer to like features throughout.

Referring now to FIG. 1, a prosthesis, implant or prosthetic implant 10 is shown. The implant 10 comprises an upper, top, superior or first member 12 and a lower, bottom, inferior or second member 14 as shown. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the first member 12 comprises a first side 13 and a second side 15. The second side 15 comprises channel wall 16 that defines a first concave area, groove or channel 18. In one embodiment, the first channel 18 is elongated and oriented in an anterior-posterior direction, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 5-8. The first member 12 also comprises a flange 20 having an aperture 22 for receiving a screw, such as screw 24 in FIG. 2, for mounting the first member 12 onto a first vertebra 26.

The implant 10 further comprises the bottom member 14 having a first side 17 and second side 19. The second side 19 comprises a channel wall 28 that defines a second concave elongated area, groove or channel 30 as shown. The channel walls 18 and 28 are curved in cross-section along their length and width. As with the first member 12, the second member 14 also comprises a flange 31 having an aperture 32 for receiving a screw 35 (FIG. 2) for mounting the second member 4 onto a second vertebra 37. Note the flanges 20 and 31 are angled such that the surfaces 15 and 19 lay in a correct anatomical plane relative to vertebrae 36 and 37 and the spinal column. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 9-12, the second channel 30 is situated in a generally perpendicular relationship relative to the first channel 18, as illustrated in FIGS. 8, 9 and 13. Note that the first side 13 and 17 may be serrated to facilitate a snug and secure engagement against the vertebrae 26 and 36, respectively.

Referring back to FIG. 1, notice that the implant 10 further comprises a ball or ball bearing 36 which becomes situated in the channels 18 and 30, as illustrated in FIGS. 2-4. The bearing 36 provides support between the first and second members 12 and 14 and facilitates not only maintaining a predetermined distance D (FIG. 2), which generally corresponds to a diameter of the ball 36, but also enables the first and second members 12 and 14 to move in a plane, such as plane P1 in FIG. 2, that intersects a spinal cord axis (not shown) of a spinal cord (not shown). As is described later herein, the first and second members 12 and 14 can also pivot about at least one or a plurality of axes. The operation and function of the first and second members 12 and 14 and their associated channels 18 and 30 and ball 36 is described later herein.

FIG. 2 illustrates the implant 10 mounted between the first vertebra 26 and second vertebra 37 as shown. Note that the elongated first channel 18 becomes situated along a radial line extending from a spinal column axis along its longitude, and the second channel 30 has a longitude that is generally perpendicular to the first channel 18 when the first member 12 is mounted to vertebra 26 and second member 14 is mounted to vertebra 37. This generally perpendicular relationship is illustrated in FIGS. 8-13. In the illustration being described, the first member 12 comprises a first length L1 and a first width W1 which is less than the first length L1, as illustrated in FIG. 13. Likewise, the channel 30 of the second member 14 comprises a width W2 and a length L2, with the length L2 being greater than the width W2. In one embodiment, the widths W1 and W2 generally correspond and lengths L1 and L2 also generally correspond. Notice the cross-sectional widths W1 and W2 (FIG. 13) of the channels 18 and 30 have a radius of curvature and are slightly larger than the diameter of the ball 36 in order to permit the ball 36 to roll, slide or rotate within the channels 18 and 30 and also to reduce the friction between the outer surface 36 a of ball 36 and the inner walls 16 and 28. Also, the ball 36 comprises a diameter which is slightly smaller than the widths W1 and W2 so that the ball 36 can rotate or slide and move freely in the channels 18 and 30. It should be understood that the ball 36 is dimensioned and comprises a diameter that is selected to maintain a predetermined distance, such as distance D2 in FIG. 2, between the surfaces 15 and 19 and first member 12 and second member 14, respectively. In the embodiment being described, the ball 36 comprises a diameter that is on the order of about 6 mm. Likewise, the widths W1 and W2 are on the order of about 6 mm, while the lengths L1 and L2 are on the order of about 12 mm. It should be appreciated that the widths W1 and W2 and lengths L1 and L2 mentioned herein are illustrative and other dimensions may be selected if desired.

The interior surface 12a of first member 12 and interior surface 14a of second member 14 are generally curved or even saddle-shaped to permit the vertebra 26 and 34 to articulate or move in the manner illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 and 10-12, without the surfaces 15 and 19 engaging during such movement.

In the embodiment being described, the first and second members 12 and 14 are capable of movement (such as non-pivotal, lateral or translational movement) in the plane P1 (FIG. 2) and are also capable of movement about at least one or a plurality of axes which will now be described relative to FIGS. 14-16. In the illustration shown in FIGS. 14-16, two imaginary points A and B are identified for ease of understanding the pivotal movement of the members 12 and 14 about the multiple axes. Note that the channel wall 16 defines the elongated channel 18 which in turn defines a curvature having at least one radius of curvature R1 as shown. The radius of curvature R1 comprises a center axis C1 about which the first member 12 may pivot. Likewise, the second member 14 comprises a curvature having at least one second radius of curvature R2 associated with channel wall 28 and defining a second center or axis of rotation C2, as illustrated in FIG. 15. The ball 36 comprises a surface 36 a comprising a third radius of curvature R3 that defines an axis center C3 about which the first and second members 12 and 14 may rotate. The channels 18 and 30 also have curvatures in cross-sectional having radii of curvature defined by the cross-sectional curved shape of walls 16 and 28, respectively. These radii of curvature are smaller than the radii of curvature of R1 and R2.

The first and second members 12 and 14 and their associated channels 18 and 30 may roll on, slide across and/or pivot about the ball 36, thereby enabling the first and second members to pivot about ball axis C3, as well as or more of the axes or centers of rotation C1-C2. For example, as illustrated in FIGS. 5-7 and 16, the ball 36 permits the first member 12 and second member 14 to move relative to each other in the plane P1 (FIG. 2), such as in relative lateral or translational direction. Thus, the first member 12 may move in a forward direction or in the direction of arrow K1 (FIG. 6), whereupon the ball 36 becomes positioned at an end 18 a of channel 18, as illustrated in FIG. 6. Relative movement between first member 12 and second member 14, such as if first member 12 moves in a direction opposite of arrow K1, enables the ball 36 to be positioned at an opposite end 18 b of channel 18, as shown in FIG. 7. Similarly, the first member 12 and second member 14 may have the relative movement illustrated in FIGS. 10-12 where, as a result of movement between members 12 and 14, the ball 36 becomes positioned, for example, from a generally central position in channel 30 (FIG. 10) to a position where the ball 36 becomes situated at an end 30 a of channel 30, as shown in FIG. 11. When there is relative movement between the first and second members 12 and 14, such as when the first member 12 moves in a direction of arrow K2 (FIG. 11) and/or the bottom member 14 moves in the direction of arrow K3, the ball 36 becomes positioned at another end 30 b of channel 30 which is illustrated in FIG. 12.

Thus, it should be appreciated that the first and second members 12 and 14 may pivot or move along the first and second walls 16 and 28 such that points A and B move along a curve or arc 50 (FIGS. 5, 15 and 16) that is directly related to the curvature defined by the first radius of curvature R1 for first member 12 and the curvature defined by the second radius of curvature R2. This pivotal movement is generally defined by the central portion 16 c and 28 c of walls 16 and 28, respectively, (FIG. 1) and about respective centers C1 and C2, respectively, when the ball 36 moves along the longitudinal length of the channels 18 and 30. Thus, as illustrated in FIGS. 5-7, described earlier herein, the ball 36 may move along the longitudinal direction of the channel 18 as illustrated, and substantially simultaneously, or even independently, the second member 14 may pivot about the axis C3 of ball 36. The first member 12 may also pivot about the axis C3 of ball 36 (as illustrated in FIGS. 10-12) either before, during or after the first member 12 and the second member 14 have moved relative to each other and/or pivoted about the axes C1 and C2, respectively.

Thus, each member 12 and 14 is also capable of pivotal movement about ball axis C3. In this case, the points A and B (FIGS. 14-16) move along a curve or arc 52 that is directly related to the curvature associated with the radius of curvature of ball 36. Thus, for example, as the ball 36 moves in the channel 30 of the second member 14 in the manner shown in FIGS. 10-12, the second member 14 may pivot about the axis C2 (FIG. 15) associated with radius of curvature R2 and also about ball axis C3. Again, substantially simultaneously or even independently, the first member 12 and/or second member 14 may pivot about axes C1 and C2, respectively, and about the axis C3 of ball 36. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that each of the members 12 and 14 cooperate with ball 36 to enable universal movement of the members 12 and 14 in the plane P1 (FIG. 2) and further permitting pivotal movement about at leas tone or multiple axes, thereby providing a full range of relative movement between the first and second members 12 and 14 that further permits the vertebrae 26 and 34 to exactly or closely approximate normal physiologic range of motion.

As mentioned earlier, the ball 36 is dimensioned to rotate and/or slide in the channels 18 and 30. After the first member 12 is secured to the vertebra 26 with the screw 24 and second member 14 is secured to the vertebra 37 with screw 34, the longitude or length of channel 18 is situated relative to a spinal column (not shown) along its longitude such that the channel 30 becomes situated in plane P1 and lies along a radial line extending from the spinal column axis (not shown). The second channel 30 is perpendicular to channel 18. This generally perpendicular relationship is illustrated in the diagrammatic view shown in FIG. 13. This facilitates the first member 12 and second member 14 to move generally universally in the plane P1 in the manner described herein. Thus, forward or anterior-posterior movement of the first member 12 is assigned to the first member 12, while lateral or relative lateral movement between the first vertebra 26 and second vertebra is assigned to the lower or second member 14.

As alluded to earlier herein, the ball 36 may pivot or roll in one of the axes or channels 18 and 30 while sliding in another axis or channel 30 and 18. Thus, for example, the ball 36 may roll along the channel wall surface 16 of first member 12, while rolling or sliding against or across the channel wall surface 28 within second channel 30 as the ball 36 rolls in the first channel 18. Likewise, the ball 36 may roll along channel wall surface 28 in the longitudinal direction of channel 30, while sliding or rolling against or across the cross-sectional width of the wall 16 within channel 18. Thus, not only does the implant 10 provide for generally universal relative movement of the first and second members 12 and 14 in the plane P1 (FIG. 2), one or both of the members 12 and 14 may substantially simultaneously or independently pivot about the axis C3 and/or about their respective axes C1 and C2 described earlier.

The channel walls 16 and 28 may define a curvature that is not constant to facilitate retaining the ball 36 in the channel. For example, as best illustrated in FIG. 16, note that the first member 12 comprises the channel wall 16 having end portions 16 a and 16 b that define a fourth radius of curvature R4 about a fourth center or axis C4 and a fifth radius of curvature R5 about a fifth center or axis C5. Note that the radii of curvatures R4 and R5 are smaller than the radius of curvature of a central portion 16 c of wall 16. This facilitates retaining the ball 36 in the channel 18 when the ball 36 reaches the ends 16 a and 16 b of the wall 16 defining channel 18, as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7 described earlier herein. Likewise, the wall 28 comprises ends 28 a and 28 b that have curvatures having radii of curvature R6 and R7 that are smaller than the radius of curvature R2 to facilitate retaining the ball in the channel 30 when the ball reaches the ends 30 a as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12. Although not shown, less than all of the ends 16 a, 16 b and 28 a and 28 b may have the smaller radii of curvature if desired.

As illustrated in FIGS. 14-16, the movement about the centers or axes (such as axes C1, C2 and C3 in FIGS. 15 and 16) enables the members 12 and 14 to move within the crescent-shaped zone area 40 and zone areas 42 and 44, depending on whether the first and second members 12 and 14 are moving about the axis C1, C2, C3, or any point within an infinite range of points therebetween. In any event, the channels 18 and 30 and the arrangement of the channels 18 and 30 when the first and second members 12 and 14 are mounted on the vertebrae 26 and 36, respectively, enable the first and second members 12 and 14 to move within the areas 40, 42 and 44 whose boundaries in one or more embodiment are defined by arcs or curves 50 and 52 which is diagrammatically illustrated by the areas 40, 42 and 44. The movement of the upper member 12 with respect to the lower member 14 is centered upon multiple and variable axes of rotation, highly conforming to the multiple external forces placed upon the device by the natural motions of the spine. It should be understood that FIGS. 14-16 is merely illustrative of the zones of movement when the first and second members 12 and 14 are shown in the positions relative to the ball 36. Other zones (not shown) are realized when the position of the ball 36 changes relative to the first and second members 12 and 14.

During a surgical procedure, a method for replacing a disc (not shown) may comprise the steps of mounting the first member 12 to the first vertebra 26, mounting the second member 14 to the second vertebra 37 while situating, or causing to be situated, the ball 36 within the channels 18 and 30. The channels 18 and 30 are dimensioned and provided in the shape and configuration shown to provide universal relative movement of the first and second members 12 and 14 in the plane P1 and pivotal movement about at least one or a plurality of axes, such as the axis C3, axis C1 or axis C2. Thus, the first and second channels 18 and 30 may also be dimensioned to not only permit relative movement of the first and second members 12 and 14 in the plane P1, but also permit pivotal movement about the plurality of axes as described earlier herein.

In accordance with illustrative embodiments, methods and apparati have been described for facilitating maintaining a distance D1 in FIG. 2 between the first vertebra 26 and second vertebra 37 while substantially simultaneously permitting normal physiological movement between the vertebrae 26 and 37. As illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the implant 10 may be used in a spinal column between two vertebrae 26 and 36, but it is also envisioned that multiple implants 10 may be used in a single spinal column, as illustrated in FIG. 4. In certain embodiments, the channels 18 and 30 are shown in perpendicular relationship as illustrated in FIGS. 8, 9 and 13, but the first and second members 12 and 14 may comprise channels 18 and 30 that are arranged in other than a perpendicular arrangement without departing from the true spirit and scope of the invention. Also, although the preferred embodiment shows use of a single ball 36, one or more other balls (not shown) having the same or a different diameter. The illustrations described, show each member having one channel, but more channels could be used. Although not shown, it is also envisioned that one channel provided in only one of the members 12 and 14 may be provided.

In the embodiment being described, the members 12, 14 and ball 36 may be made of cobalt alloy, polyethylene, ceramic, cobalt-chrome that is polished to provide a smooth bearing surface, stainless steel and/or titanium, ceramic materials (e.g., alumina and zirconium), or any other suitable material. The screws 24 and 34. The screws 24 and 34 are held in place via frictional forces between the screw head and screw socket. Alternatively, the device can be provided with no screws, the device being held in place by frictional forces between the device and disk space.

The various implants, methods, materials, components and parameters are included by way of example only and not in any limiting sense. Therefore, the embodiments described herein are illustrative and are useful in providing, inter alia, beneficial articulating joint for use in a patient. In view of this disclosure, those skilled in the art can implement the various example apparati and methods to affect these and other assemblies, while remaining within the true spirit of the scope of the appended claims. 

1. A prosthesis for situating in a disc area between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, said disc area defining a first plane that is generally perpendicular to a spinal column, said prosthesis comprising: a first member having a first channel area defined by a first channel wall; a second member having a second channel area defined by a second channel wall; and a ball bearing situated in said first and second channel areas.
 2. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1 wherein said first channel wall defines a first radius of curvature and said second channel wall defines a second radius of curvature.
 3. The prosthesis as recited in claim 2 wherein said first and second radii of curvature are the same.
 4. The prosthesis as recited in claim 2 wherein said first and second radii of curvature are different.
 5. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second channel areas are elongated to permit movement of said first and second members in said first plane in which said disc area lies.
 6. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1 wherein said ball bearing defines a third radius of curvature; said third radius of curvature being different from at least one of said first or second radii of curvature.
 7. The prosthesis as recited in claim 6 wherein said third radius of curvature is smaller than said first or second radii of curvature.
 8. The prosthesis as recited in claim 2 wherein said first channel wall comprises an end area defining a radius of curvature and said second channel wall comprises a radius of curvature, said radii of curvatures being smaller than said first and second radii of curvatures, respectively.
 9. The prosthesis as recited in claim 2 wherein said first channel wall comprises a fourth radius of curvature located towards at least one end of said first channel wall and said second channel wall comprises a sixth radius of curvature located towards at least one end of said second channel wall, said fourth and sixth radii of curvatures are generally smaller than said first and second radii of curvatures, respectively, to facilitate retaining said ball in said first and second channel areas.
 10. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second channel walls are dimensioned to permit movement of said first and second members in said first plane and pivotal movement about an axis defined by at least one of said first radius of curvature or said second radius of curvature.
 11. The prosthesis as recited in claim 6 wherein said first and second channel walls are dimensioned to permit movement of said first and second members in said first plane and pivotal movement about an axis associate with at least one of said first radius of curvature, said second radius of curvature or said third radius of curvature.
 12. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second channel walls and said ball bearing are dimensioned to permit said first and second members movement in said first plane and pivotal movement in a plurality of axes.
 13. The prosthesis as recited in claim 12 wherein said plurality of axes comprise a first radius of curvature axis associated with a first radius of curvature, and a second radius of curvature axis associated with a second radius of curvature and a ball axis of said ball bearing.
 14. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1 wherein said first and second channels are generally perpendicular when said first and second members are mounted to said first and second vertebrae, respectively.
 15. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1 wherein said first channel lies along a radial line extending from a spinal column axis of a spinal column.
 16. The prosthesis as recited in claim 15 wherein said second channel is generally perpendicular to said first channel.
 17. The prosthesis as recited in claim 1, wherein said first and second channel walls are concave.
 18. A prosthetic implant for use between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, said prosthetic implant comprising: a first member comprising a first elongated channel defined by a first channel wall; a second member comprising a second elongated channel defined by a second channel wall; and a ball bearing situated in said first and second elongated channels when said first and second members are mounted to said first and second vertebrae, respectively; said ball bearing permitting relative movement of said first and second members in a first plane and pivotal movement of said first member and said second member about at least one axis.
 19. The prosthetic implant as recited in claim 18 wherein said first and second channel walls comprise a curvature in cross section along their length.
 20. The prosthetic implant as recited in claim 18 wherein said first and second channel walls define a curvature that is not constant in cross section along their length.
 21. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 18 wherein said first and second elongated channels are generally perpendicular when said first and second members are mounted to said first and second vertebrae, respectively.
 22. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 18 wherein said first channel wall and said second channel wall are dimensioned and cooperate with said ball bearing to permit pivotal movement of at least one of said first or second members about a plurality of axes.
 23. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 22 wherein said plurality of axes comprise a ball bearing axis of said ball bearing.
 24. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 18 wherein said plurality of axes comprises at least one of a first channel axis associated with a first radius of curvature defined by said first channel wall or a second channel axis associated with a second radius of curvature defined by said second channel wall.
 25. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 23 wherein said plurality of axes comprises at least one of a first channel axis associated with a radius of curvature defined by said first channel wall or a second channel axis associated with a center of a radius of curvature associated with said first channel wall.
 26. The prosthetic implant as recited in claim 18 wherein at least one of said first and second channel walls comprise a central portion defining a radius of curvature, said at least one of said first and second channel walls also comprising at least one end portion having an end channel radius of curvature that is smaller than said radius of curvature of said central portion.
 27. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 18 wherein said first elongated channel extends in a first direction and said second elongated channel extends in a second direction that is not parallel to said first channel in order to permit relative translational or planar movement of said first and second members.
 28. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 18 wherein said first channel wall defines a first radius of curvature and said second channel wall defines a second radius of curvature, wherein said first and second radii of curvature are substantially the same.
 29. The prosthesis as recited in claim 18 wherein said first channel wall defines a first radius of curvature and said second channel wall defines a second radius of curvature, wherein said first and second radii of curvature are different.
 30. The prosthesis as recited in claim 18 wherein said first and second channel areas are elongated to permit movement of said ball in a horizontal plane that is generally perpendicular to a spinal column defined by the area between said first disc area.
 31. The prosthesis as recited in claim 24 wherein said ball bearing defines a third radius of curvature; said third radius of curvature being different than at least one of said first or second radii of curvature.
 32. The prosthesis as recited in claim 31 wherein said third radius of curvature is smaller than at least one of said first or second radii of curvature.
 33. The prosthesis as recited in claim 18 wherein said first channel wall comprises a fourth radius of curvature and said second channel wall comprises a fifth radius of curvature, said sixth radii of curvatures being different from said first and second radii of curvatures, respectively.
 34. The prosthesis as recited in claim 24 wherein said first channel wall comprises a fourth radius of curvature located towards a first end of said first channel wall and a fifth radius of curvature located towards a second end of said second channel wall, said fourth and fifth radii of curvatures are generally smaller than said first radius of curvature, respectively, to facilitate retaining said ball in said first and second channel areas.
 35. The prosthesis as recited in claim 18 wherein said first and second channel walls are dimensioned to permit said first and second members movement in a plane that intersects a spinal axis of a spinal column and also permits pivotal movement about either a first axis associated with said first radius of curvature or a second axis associated with said second radius of curvature.
 36. The prosthesis as recited in claim 31 wherein said first and second channel walls are dimensioned to permit said first and second members relative movement in a plane that intersects a spinal axis and pivotal movement about at least one of a first axis associated with at least said first radius of curvature, a second axis associated with said second radius of curvature or a third axis of said ball bearing.
 37. The prosthesis as recited in claim 18 wherein said first and second channel walls and said ball bearing are dimensioned to permit said first and second members relative movement in a plane that is generally intersects a spinal axis and pivotal movement about a plurality of axes.
 38. The prosthesis as recited in claim 37 wherein said plurality of axes comprise a first axis associated with said first radius of curvature and a second axis associated with said second radius of curvature or a ball bearing.
 39. The prosthesis as recited in claim 18 wherein said first and second channel walls are generally perpendicular when said first and second channel members are mounted to said first and second vertebrae, respectively.
 40. The prosthesis as recited in claim 18 wherein said first elongated channel extends along a radial line associated with a spinal column axis of a spinal column.
 41. An implant comprising: a first member for mounting onto a first vertebra, said first member comprising a first channel; a second member for mounting onto a second vertebra, said second member comprising a second channel; and a ball situated in said first and second channels when said first and second members are mounted to said first and second vertebrae, respectively; said first and second channels each comprising a channel width and channel length; said ball having a diameter that is smaller than said channel width of said first and said channels and said channel length of said first and second channels, said channel width being less than said channel length.
 42. The implant as recited in claim 41 wherein said second channel is generally perpendicular to said first channel when said first and second members are mounted to said first and second vertebrae, respectively.
 43. The implant as recited in 42 wherein said first channel extends along a radial line associated with a spinal column axis of a spinal column.
 44. The implant as recited in claim 41 wherein said ball freely rotates in both said first and second channels when there is relative movement between said first and second members.
 45. The implant as recited in claim 41 wherein said first channel extends generally along a radial line associated with a spinal column axis of a spinal column.
 46. The implant as recited in claim 41 wherein at least one of said first and second channels being defined by a first channel wall and a second channel wall, respectively, said first channel wall defining a width radius of curvature in cross section and said first channel wall defining a length radius of curvature in cross section along said length, said diameter of said ball being smaller than said width radius of curvature and said length of radius of curvature, and said length radius of curvature being greater than said width radius of curvature.
 47. The implant as recited in claim 41 wherein both of said first and second channels being defined by a first channel wall and a second channel wall, respectively, each of said first and second channel walls comprising a width and a length, each of said walls comprising a width radius of curvature in cross section across said width and a length radius of curvature in cross section along said length, said diameter of said ball being smaller than said width radius of curvature, and said length radius of curvature being greater than said width radius of curvature.
 48. A method for replacing a disc, said method comprising the steps of: mounting a first member having a first channel to a first vertebra; mounting a second member having a second channel to a second vertebra such that at least a first portion of said first channel and at least a second portion of said second channel are situated in opposed relationship; and situating a ball in said first and second portions.
 49. The method as recited in claim 48 wherein said method further comprising the step of: dimensioning said first and second channels to comprise an elongated groove to permit universal relative movement of said first and second members in a first plane and pivotal movement about at least one axis.
 50. The method as recited in claim 48 wherein said method further comprising the step of: dimensioning said first and second channels to, comprise an elongated groove to permit universal relative movement of said first and second members in a first plane and pivotal movement about a plurality of axes.
 51. The method as recited in claim 48 wherein said method further comprises the step of: providing first and second channels defined by channel walls that comprise a curvature.
 52. The method as recited in claim 49 wherein said at least one of said first and second channels is defined by a wall having radius of curvature that is not constant along its length.
 53. The method as recited in claim 49 wherein said each of said first and second channels are defined by channel walls that have a radius of curvature that is not continuous.
 54. The method as recited in claim 49 wherein said plurality of axes comprise a ball bearing axis of said ball bearing.
 55. The prosthetic implant a recited in claim 49 wherein said plurality of axes comprises at least one of a first channel axis associated with a radius of curvature defined by said first channel wall or a second channel axis associated with a center of a radius of curvature defined by said first channel wall.
 56. An implant for mounting between a first vertebra and a second vertebra, said implant comprising: a first member having a first channel, said first channel comprising a first channel center; a second member having a second channel, said second channel comprising a second channel center; a ball situated in said first and second channels; said first and second channels being dimensioned to permit relative movement of said first and second members in a first plane that is generally perpendicular to a spinal column and pivotal movement between said first member and said second member.
 57. The implant as recited in claim 56 wherein both of said first and second channels are concave.
 58. The implant as recited in claim 56 wherein said first and second channels are elongated to permit universal relative planar movement.
 59. The implant as recited in claim 56 wherein said first and second channels are defined by channel walls that comprise a curvature.
 60. The implant as recited in claim 58 wherein said at least one of said first and second channels are defined by channel walls that have a radius of curvature that is not continuous.
 61. The implant as recited in claim 58 wherein each of said first and second channels are defined by channel walls that have a radius of curvature that is not continuous.
 62. The implant as recited in claim 56 wherein said first and second channels are opposed and generally perpendicular when said first and second members mounted on said first and second vertebrae, respectively.
 63. The implant as recited in claim 57 wherein said first and second channels are generally perpendicular when said first and second members mounted on said first and second vertebrae, respectively.
 64. The implant as recited in claim 56 wherein said pivotal movement comprises movement about at least one of an axis of said ball and at least on of a second axis associated with said first channel or a third axis associated with said second channel.
 65. An implant comprising: a first vertebra mount for mounting on a first member; a second vertebra mount for mounting on a second member in opposed relationship to said first vertebra mount; at least one of said first or second vertebra comprising at least one channel; and a ball for situating in said at least one channel to provide relative movement in a plane and pivotal movement about at least one axis.
 66. The implant as recited in claim 65 wherein each of said first or second vertebra comprises at least one channel.
 67. The implant as recited in claim 66 said ball is situated in each said at least one channel to provide relative movement in a plane and pivotal movement in said at least one axis.
 68. The implant as recited in claim 66 said ball is situated in each of said at least one channel to provide relative movement in a plane and pivotal movement in a plurality of axes.
 69. The implant as recited in claim 66 said ball is situated in each of said at least one channel is concave and comprise a portion that is generally opposed when said first and second vertebra mounts are mounted to said first and second vertebra.
 70. The implant as recited in claim 66 said ball is situated in said at least one channel in said first vertebra mount is perpendicular to said at least one channel in said second vertebra.
 71. The implant as recited in claim 65 wherein said at least one channel has a radius of curvature associated with a longitudinal cross section and a width radius of curvature associated with a cross section across its width.
 72. The implant as recited in claim 71 wherein said length radius of curvature is not constant.
 73. The implant as recited in claim 71 wherein said width radius of curvature is constant.
 74. The implant as recited in claim 72 wherein said width radius of curvature is constant.
 75. The implant as recited in claim 69 wherein each of said at least one channel has a radius of curvature associated with a longitudinal cross section and a width radius of curvature associated with a cross section across its width.
 76. The implant as recited in claim 75 wherein said length radius of curvature is not constant.
 77. The implant as recited in claim 75 wherein said width radius of curvature is constant.
 78. The implant as recited in claim 76 wherein said width radius of curvature is constant. 